King Henri I of the Franks: the weak royal demesne of France

King Henri I of the Franks, born c 1008 in Reims, died on the 4th of August 1060, in Vitry-aux-Loges in France.  He was crowned at Reims in 1027 in his father’s lifetime, following the sudden demise of his elder brother Hugh Magnus.   Son of Robert Capet (King Robert II)...

Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de’ Medici: the cultural heir of Lorenzo de’ Medici Il Magnifico

Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de’ Medici was born in Florence on the 4th of August 1463 to Pierfrancesco the Elder and his wife, Laudomia Acciaioli.  Pierfrancesco the Elder belonged to the junior Medici branch, which descended from Lorenzo di Giovanni de’ Medici known as Lorenzo the Elder, son of Giovanni di...

King William II of England: shot by an arrow while hunting

On the 2nd of August 1100, King William II of England, the second surviving son of William the Conqueror and his wife, Matilda of Flanders, passed away.  Their two other surviving sons were Robert II Curthose, and Henry (the future King Henry I of England).  William I was known as...

Ferdinando I de’ Medici: a Cardinal who ascended to the ducal throne

Ferdinando I de’ Medici was born on the 30th of July 1549.  He was the fifth son of Cosimo I de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and his first wife, Eleanor of Toledo.  Ferdinando’s older brothers were: Francesco, Giovanni (died of malaria at the age of 18), Pietro (passed away...