Mary Queen of Scots: “a perpetual incumbrance” for Elizabeth I of England

I received several questions about Mary Stuart’s relationship with Elizabeth Tudor, and this article is aiming to respond to each of them and cover the hot topic of why Mary wasn’t Elizabeth’s heir. Elizabeth I’s strained relationship dominated English and Scottish politics for many years, and one might easily question...

Mary, Queen of Scots: “In my end is my beginning”

On the 8th of February 1587, Mary, Queen of Scots, the only surviving legitimate child of King James V of Scotland and his second wife Marie de Guise (a French-born noblewoman from the powerful House of Guise), was executed after 19 years of her imprisonment in England. Mary was beheaded...